WELCOME TO PULAU PINANG

ABOUT PULAU PENANG

“The Pearl of the Orient” is a fascinating fusion of the East and West. The state embraces modernity while retaining its traditions and old world charm, which are reflected in its harmonious multiracial populace and well-preserved heritage buildings. Long regarded as the food capital of Malaysia, it also entices visitors with its beautiful coasts and scrumptious cuisines.

The island of Penang or Pulau Pinang is affectionately known as the ‘Pearl of the Orient’ but in Malay Pulau Pinang means ‘Island of Betel Nut’.

The location of Penang is strategically at the northern end of the Straits of Malacca (Malaka) which is considered to be the busiest shipping lane in the world. Penang was used to be a popular trading post during the 18th century when traders and settlers from as far as the Middle East and Europe came together to trade and do business. It was then sort of like a melting pot where the diversified races, beliefs and customs have contributed to Penang rich tradition and culture.

Today Penang is a modern state with all sorts of industries. Its port is still functioning and the state has become a popular destination for many multinational electronics companies. Even though Penang is a developed city with world class infrastructure and facilities, this little island is still blessed with beautiful idyllic beaches and calm seas. Because of this reason, Penang is not only a famous tourist destination but also a hot spot in Malaysia where expatriates relocate to.

Penang consists of an island and a strip of land in the Peninsular Malaysia. George Town is the City of Penang Island has an ageless charm that echoes a past colonial era. The city is a bustling cosmopolitan centre that is a blend of old and new with its old colonial buildings sitting in between modern skyscrapers.

Getting To Penang
Penang is easily accessible by air as it is served by airlines plying international and domestic routes. Travelers can also choose to travel by road via the North-South Expressway. Upon reaching the mainland, a short drive across Penang Bridge or a 20-minute ferry ride is all it takes to get to Penang Island. Getting to Penang via rail is possible too as there are regular rail services to Butterworth from major towns in Peninsular Malaysia.

PLACES NEED TO VISIT IN PENANG

Penang Botanic GardensThe Penang Botanic Gardens is a place of tranquility and calm. It’s the perfect place to escape the buzz and heat of the city. It’s an ideal place for all sorts of activities such as family gathering, exercises, photography and nature admiration.

Penang HillMalaysia’s first hill station, Penang Hill is 830m above sea level. Ascend to the top by hiking up or by travelling in the funicular train which has been operational since 1922 and enjoy the cool climate as well as the fantastic view at the summit.

EsplanadeThe Esplanade is one of Penang famous tourist attractions. Find out tips on how to get there, visiting hours, location and attractions. Pictures are available.

Kek Lok Si Temple Night VisitThe Kek Lok Si temple is a must-visit place in Penang. But have you visited the temple at night? Find out here the night attractions of this iconic temple.

Penang AquariumNot a lot of people know there is an aquarium in Penang. Even though it is a small aquarium, there are a lot of things about the marine live to find out here. It’s a great place for a family outing.

Gurney DriveA favorite haunt for food enthusiasts, this coastal road is famous for hawker foodstalls and restaurants offering a mouth-watering selection of Penang specialties such as asam laksa, hokkien mee, chee cheong fun, pasembor, rojak and various other delicious local delicacies.

Snake TempleBuilt in 1850 and dedicated to the deity, Chor Soo Kong, the temple is a sanctuary for pit vipers said to be “servants” of the deity.

Fort Cornwallis
The fort was built on the site of Sir Francis Light’s historic landing in 1786. Originally a wooden stockade, it is now a concrete structure and currently houses cannons, a history gallery, café, handicraft and souvenir centre as well as an open-air amphitheatre.

Khoo Kongsi
Khoo Kongsi is one of the grandest clan temples in the country. Clustered in its square are an elaborately embellished temple, association building, a traditional theatre as well as several 19th century row houses.

Kek Lok Si TempleReputed to be the biggest Buddhist temple complex in Southeast Asia, the temple stands majestically on a hill in Air Itam. It boasts the beautiful “Pagoda of Ten Thousand Buddhas” which blends Chinese, Myanmarese and Thai architecture.

Cheong Fatt Tze Mansion
Featuring 18th and 19th century Chinese architecture, this stately mansion comprises beautiful bedrooms, libraries, ceremonial halls, courtyards and gardens. It also houses a rare porcelain collection, sculptures, carvings, tapestries, embroideries and antiques.

War Museum
Built around the remnants of a British fort, this 20-acre museum contains several installations above and below ground where old war relics are stored. Visitors can weave through a complex to view barracks, old cookhouses, lock-ups, tunnels and ventilation shafts.

Penang Museum
Hundreds of old prints, paintings, clay, stone and porcelain ware as well as other historical artefacts that highlight the important periods in Penang’s development can be found here.

Kapitan Keling MosqueBuilt in early 19th century, the mosque features an ochre yellow façade and a dome-shaped minaret reflecting Moorish Islamic influence. It was named after the Indian Muslim merchant, the Kapitan Keling (headman), Caudeer Mohudeen.

Acheen Street Malay Mosque
Built in 1820 on land donated by Syed Sheriff Tengku Syed Hussain Aidid, the vernacular-style mosque, also known as Masjid Melayu, features an octagonal minaret and a Moorish arcade.

ChinatownLarge and well-preserved, its numerous clan houses, shophouses and temples provide a fascinating insight into the lifestyle of early Chinese immigrant settlers who came here in the 1800s.

Little IndiaThis quaint Indian town dates back over two centuries and boasts the 167 years old Sri Mahamariamman Temple. Worth browsing here are the pre-war terrace buildings which house restaurants, jewellery and textile shops, dress retailers, music stores, barbers as well as shops selling spices, sundries and cutlery.

Pinang Peranakan Mansion
Contained in this mansion are elaborate traditional costumes and accessories, lovely porcelain pieces, furniture, works of art brought in from China and Europe as well as artifacts related to the history and colorful lifestyle of the Baba Nyonya people of Penang.

St. George’s Church
The church is one of the oldest landmarks in the city and was named after the patron saint of England. It features a memorial canopy dedicated to Captain Francis Light.

Wat Chaiya Mangkalaram
A unique Buddhist temple with Thai, Myanmarese and Chinese architecture, it houses a 33-metre gold-plated reclining Buddha said to be one of the longest in the world. The niches behind the statue house urns contain the ashes of devotees.

P. Ramlee’s House
Originally built in 1926 to commemorate the late P. Ramlee, Malaysia’s foremost entertainer, the house features the life history of the late singer, actor, composer and film director. The various exhibits include his personal memorabilia and also items belonging to his family.

Penang National Park
The park offers excellent hiking trails which lead to secluded beaches at Teluk Duyung, Muka Head and Pantai Kerachut. It also has a turtle nesting site as well as a unique meromictic lake.

Tropical Spice Garden
Visitors can get a feel of plants, birds and insects in a tropical environment at this eight-acre garden which has over 500 exotic varieties of plants.

Tropical Fruit Farm
Spread over 25 acres of hilly terrain, the farm produces over 200 tropical and subtropical fruits including durians, lychees, mangoes, guavas and several lesser known varieties.

Penang Butterfly Farm
The farm spans 0.8ha and is home to 3,000 living specimens from over 50 species of colorful butterflies, frogs, scorpions and other insects.

Penang Bird Park
The park spans 5 acres and houses some 800 birds from all over the world. It is beautifully landscaped and features a walk-in aviary, ponds and ornamental plants.

Penang Shopping Malls, Dining and Entertainment
Penang is a shoppers’ paradise for goods old and new at bargain prices. There is a wide choice of electronic and electrical goods, cameras, clothing, batik, souvenirs and antiques. The island also boasts some of the best food in the country. An exciting choice of entertainment including concerts, dramas, cultural performances as well as sports and recreational activities are available throughout the state.

ATTRACTIVE PLACES IN SABAH

 A BRIEF STORY ABOUT SABAH 

Sabah is the second largest state in Malaysia and it is located in the East Malaysia. The state lies on the North-Eastern tip of Borneo which is just south of the typhoon belted. For this reason, Sabah is also known as the Land “Below” the Wind.

Sabah is definitely the right place for outdoor activities. With its magnificent caves, coral reefs, forests, wildlife and mountains waiting to be explored. The state is also the ideal place for a range of adventures such as mountain climbing, white-water rafting and diving.

Today, Sabah has over 30 indigenous groups and immigrants from China, Indonesia and the Philippines. Sabah was once ruled by the sultans of Brunei for centuries until the British came in the 19th century. Since then the British had taken over the administration of Sabah to exploit the natural resources of Sabah such as timber, rubber and tobacco. When Sabah was under the British rule, it was popularly known as North Borneo. The British had ruled the state until 1963 when it joined the Federation of Malaysia.

Today Sabah is fast catching up in terms of development and ecotourism. A large portion of the state economy is derived through tourism. Sandakan was used to be Sabah administrative capital between 1883 and 1942. But Kota Kinabalu took over the role after that and it remains as the state capital until now.

Sabah is now transformed into a well-known tourism hub. In Kota Kinabalu alone, there are a lot of things to do and one of them is hike up the Mountain Kinabalu. Besides, Kota Kinabalu is also a good place to explore and experience the rich cultural and diversified ethnic backgrounds of Sabah. We can visit the weekly held tamus and fascinating long houses here.

Journey to North from Kota Kinabalu, we will reach Tip of Borneo, a famous tourist destination in Sabah. For a more adventurous trip, we can head South to the Padas River for white-water rafting.

Finally, some of the world’s best diving places are located off the coast of Sabah, to do some diving, Sandakan would be the place to start off as it is the base from which to visit the dive sites that lie off the east coast and the nature reserves at Sukau and Danum Valley.

ATTRACTIVE PLACES IN SABAH

Mountain Kinabalu
The majestic Mount Kinabalu, standing at 4,095.2m, is one of the highest peaks in Southeast Asia. It is the main attraction of Kinabalu Park, Malaysia’s first World Heritage Site. This dense jungle contains one of the world’s richest assemblages of plants. Don’t miss a visit to the Poring Hot Springs, a natural health spa offering open-air Japanese-style baths. The annual Mount Kinabalu International Climbathon draws participants from around the world.

Sabah Museum
This museum in Kota Kinabalu is built in the longhouse style of the Rungus and Murut communities. It showcases a wealth of ethnic treasures and handicrafts. History lovers will be charmed by the Sabah Tourism Building, one of the only three buildings in Kota Kinabalu to have survived World War II. Other attractions in the city include the State Mosque, Museum of Islamic Civilization, Atkinson Clock Tower and Signal Hill.

Banggi Island

Banggi island is one of Sabah famous islands for tourism. Its lush greenery, crystal clear water, white sandy beaches, and diversified wildlife are some of the attractions. Find out tips on how to get there, location and what to expect. High res pictures are available.

Sipadan Island
Sabah has a number of excellent dive spots, with the jewel being the world-famous Sipadan. Its location at the heart of the Indo Pacific Basin makes it one of the richest marine habitats in the world. Here, fascinating sights of turtles, reef sharks and a thrilling 600m drop-off await experience divers. The island was made famous by renowned oceanographer Jacques Cousteau in his documentary, ‘Ghosts of the Sea Turtle’.

Mabul and Kapalai Islands
Situated near to Sipadan, these two islands are great destination for macro-diving.

Shopping and Crafts
Sabah is famed for its splendid souvenirs including beads, accessories and bamboo products. The KK Handicraft Market, Kadaiku and Wawasan Plaza Handicraft are popular shoppi

Other Dive Sites
A ring of 13 coral atolls, Layang-Layang is another world-class dive site of unique character. It offers the best chance to spot hammerhead sharks along with many kinds of pelagic. A cornucopia of fish life and wreck diving are major attractions in Mantanani. Other dive sites include Pulau Tiga, famed as the ‘Survivor Island’ as well as Lankayan and Mataking.

Tunku Abdul Rahman Park
Enjoy splashing fun at this mrine park, situated just 20 minutes by speedboat from Kota Kinabalu. Made up of five islands, it is the ideal playground for swimming, snorkeling, diving and even parasailing. Don’t miss the unique experience of ‘sea-walking’ amidst colorful fishes.

Monsopiad Cultural Village
Go back in time, to the era of the legendary Kadazan warrior Monsopiad. Founded by the direct descendant of Monsopiad, this living museum showcases traditional village houses, a sacred House of Skulls and several other attractions. Don’t miss the exciting cultural performance.

Sunday Gaya Street Market
This open-air market is the place to get handicraft, local delicacies and fresh jungle produce. The Tamu Kota Belud is another popular Sunday market for all traditional things. Watch the vibrantly dressed Bajau horsemen riding gaily decorated ponies during ceremonial occasions. They are known as ‘Cowboys of the East’ for their horsemanship.

White-Water Rafting
Enjoy the heart-stopping experience of contending the rapids! The Padas and Kiulu Rivers are popular for river rafting activities.

Sepilok Orang Utan Rehabilitation Center
Watch orang utans, known as the ‘wild man of Borneo’ during the daily feeding sessions. Said to be the world’s largest orang utan sanctuary, the center serves to rescue and retrain primates for jungle living. Off the mainland, Turtle Islands Park is reputed to be one of the most important turtle breeding spots in Southeast Asia.

Sukau
Situated on the Lower Kinabatangan River, Sukau has Malaysia’s greatest wildlife concentration. Prolific bird species and animals such as orang utans, crocodiles and proboscis monkeys live along the riverine wetlands. Enjoy a boat ride to take a close look. En route, visit Gomantong Caves, home to millions of swiftlets. They are prized for the bird’s nest soup.

Danum Valley Conservation Area
Sabah’s largest expanse of lowland dipterocarp forest is haven to various bird species, reptiles, amphibians, fishes and over 110 mammals. Viewing platforms, a canopy walkway and nocturnal tours are not-to-be-missed adventures.

Tabin Wildlife Reserve
Hailed as one of the finest wildlife viewing areas in Borneo, Tabin is home to some of the largest mammals in Sabah such as the Borneo Pygmy Elephant and Sumatran rhino. A highlight here is the mud volcano, reputed to possess healing properties.

Antique Train Rides
Ride on the North Borneo steam train from Tanjung Aru to Papar to experience the charms of a bygone era. Take in the scenic sights of the countryside and enjoy a tiffin lunch on board. Alternatively, the local train to Tenom takes passengers on a scenic route traversing the picturesque Padas Gorge.

Kudat Long House
Make a visit to the traditional long house of the Rungus tribe. Their traditional attire and intriguing culture will make your trip unforgettable. Homestay are a fascinating way to observe their lifestyle.

The Tip of Borneo
Experience the thrill of standing at land’s end! Simpang Mengayau Bay is the northwestern tip of Borneo. It offers glorious views of the sea and surrounding islands.

Kota Kinabalu Travel Map 

HISTORICAL PLACES IN KEDAH

A BRIEF HISTORY
The two northern states of Kedah and Perlis show traces of Malay history that date back even before the Melaka Sultanate. This is the "rice-bank" of Malaysia and visitors are greeted with stretches of green 'padi'/rice plants gently swaying with the breeze which turn to a golden brown when the padi is ready for harvesting. The gentle plains merge with undulating hills and valleys, rising to the majestic limestone mountains in the north and east. The legendary Langkawi Archipelago steeped in history and myth, a haven for tourists, lies offshore. The history of both Kedah and Perlis has been intrinsically influenced by Thailand

Lembah Bujang (Bujang Valley)
Bujang Valley stretches all the way from Gunung Jerai in the North to Sungai Muda in the South. The area concentrated around the mouth of Sungai(River) Muda has been of economic importance to Kedah since as early as the 5th Century AD. Buddhist inscriptions found in the valley were proof that the Indian traders were already making frequent visits to the area during these early periods.

However 2 centuries before, Malay mariners were already making long-distance voyages across the Bay of Bengal, trading rainforest produce in return for metals, textiles and other rarities much sought after in their homelands as status symbols.

By the 7th century, trade with the Indians, Arabs and Chinese merchants in the Straits of Melaka had increased tremendously and the Bujang Valley evolved into an entrepot. The early mariners were totally reliant on the monsoon season, which also was dictated by the wind patterns. Therefore, it was impossible to make a voyage from China to India in one season. The traders had to wait out for the wind change in safe harbours such as at Bujang Valley.

Balai Nobat (Hall of Drums)
Balai Nobat belongs to the old Sultanate of Kedah. The Hall features the Nobat, the instruments of the royal orchestra. It comprises drums, gongs and a traditional flute. These instruments are played on special ceremonial occasions only. The musical skills of the Nobat are generally passed on from father to son.

Nobat not just famous in Malaysia but also famous in the world. Nobat or Naubat come from the combination of Sanskrit words, nau and nava that bring the meaning of nine and the word bah which means combine. So it means combination of nine different type of instrument.

The nine types of musical instruments are Nahara, two Gendang Besar, one Gong, one Nafiri, two serunai, two cheng cheng which made from bronze and there is one big cheng cheng and one small cheng cheng.

People believes that the tradition of Nobat comes from Parsi but those musical instruments being modified to suit the local musical instruments and those musical instruments that related to Hindu's religion. The music that produces by those nine musical instruments is very similar to Hindu's music. Because of this, 2 of the musical instruments were removed from the original combination.

Due to the changes, the total number of musical instruments reduces from nine to only 6. Those six musical instruments that are still being use are Nahara, two Gendang Besar, one Gong, one Nafiri, one serunai and one cheng cheng.

The Nobat is the symbol of power and greatness for the kings at that time. It also represents the greatness of the art of Hindu.

The Nobat usually will be played during every Friday and every time before Muslims goes to pray. When the prince ascends the throne, the Nobat will also be played. During the funeral of the king, the Nobat will also being play in the funeral.

There are few famous songs that usually play with Nobat are Dang Gendang, Nobat Raja, Arak-arak, Raja Burung, Belayar, Gendang Perang, Mambang Berkayuh, Seratan, Bayat and Dewa Raja.

Telaga Tujuh Waterfalls
Telaga Tujuh was situated at the down-hill of Mount Mat Cincang, which was about 23km away from Kuah that near to the east coastal of Langkawi island. The seven waterfalls were located near to each others and seems like been neatly arranged and became like a stair. The highest waterfall of Telaga Tujuh was 91 meter from the sea and the flow rate of the water in this waterfall was high due to the water was flow from the mountain peak. The water flowed from the first waterfall, which was the highest waterfall and then flowed to the second waterfall and continuously up to the seventh waterfall which was most near to the down-hill of Mount Mat Cincang. There had a legend said that Telaga Tujuh was a popular place to bath for the fairy from the mountain. The main reason of Telaga Tujuh became popular because it located far away from human being. The existence of the fairy had made the surrounding of the Telaga Tujuh smell sweat. Some said that the smell was come from the ingredient they used to wash their hair. However, those who want to walk to the place where the fairy bath, they had to get help from the guardian of fairy and ready to walk across the frozen forest.

Makam Mahsuri (Tomb of Mahsuri)
Legend has it that the pure white sandy beaches were originated from the seepage of white blood that flowed from the body of a beautiful princess named Mahsuri. Mahsuri, who was wrongly accused of having an adulterous affair, was quickly judged, condemned, and sentenced to death. Her continuous protest of innocence was in vain. However, during her execution none of the soldiers assigned as executioners could complete the task with their weapons. Her death was eventually brought about when the executioner plunged her own "kris" (dagger) into the princess. The blood, which flowed from her was white, thus depicting her innocence. With her dying breath, the princess laid a curse on the island, that the island would not prosper for seven generations. On the spot where she died, a tomb called Makam Mahsuri was erected where people from all walks of life come to relive the legend in its own backyard. This has now become something like a shrine and is a "must-see" among tourists. The Makam Mahsuri is a fine white marble that is surrounded by white walls - a clear reminder of her innocence. Her tomb is about 12km away from the main town of Kuah.

Padang Mat Sirat (The Field Of Burnt Rice)
In 1821, not long after Mahsuri's execution, Siam invaded Langkawi. To starve the invading Siamese soldiers, Dato Karma Jaya ordered all the rice on the island be collected and burnt in Padang Mat Sirat. This proved to be a foolish move, for locals soon starved to death due to this loss. Remnants of the burnt rice could still be seen in a cordoned area in Padang Mat Sirat, Kampung Raha. The burnt rice is said to have been buried below ground before being burnt, but often appears on the surface after a rainy day. The local authorities used to turn a blind eye to tourists taking some of the burnt rice home as souvenirs, but this practice has since been stopped due to dwindling amounts of burnt rice.

Masjid Zahir (Zahir Mosque)This mosque was built in 1912, a contributory effort of YTM Tunku Mahmud Ibni Almarhum Sultan Tajuddin Mukarram Shah. The site of this mosque before it was built was the cemetery of the Kedah warriors who had died while defending Kedah from Siam (1821). The architecture of the mosque was inspired by the AZIZI Mosque in Langkat town, north Sumatera. This mosque is enhanced with five prime large domes symbolizing the five Islamic principles.

Its official launching ceremony was held on Friday, 15 October 1915 by the late HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid Shah. Tunku Mahmud read the Friday sermon while HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid Shah led the Friday prayer. At the back of the Zahir Mosque, is the Syariah Court building complex and the Centre for Basic Education for Children.

The Zahir Mosque occupies a site of approximately 124,412 square feet. Its center hall (Prayer Hall) measures 62 x 62 square feet and surrounded by verandahs of 8 feet wide with 4 mezzanine areas of each has a dome. The main dome is located at the north-east of the mosque building. 

Grand Audience Hall (Balai Besar)
Initially the function of the building was the Balai Rong Seri or Balai Penghadapan (audience hall), that was situated at the back area of the Kota Setar Palace complex. The original building was built in 1735 by HRH Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Muazzam Shah, the 19th Sultan of Kedah (1710-1778). The pillars, roofs and floors were made of wood.

This building was destroyed due to attacks by the Bugis armada (1770) and Siam (1821). During the reign of HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah, the 26th Sultan of Kedah (1882-1943), this building was refurbished (1896) spearheaded by Muhammad bin Lebai Tambi, an architect with the Public Works Department of Kedah State for the wedding ceremony of His Royal Highness's five princes and princesses (1904).

Beside the wedding ceremony, the Balai Besar was used for installation ceremonies, official ceremonies, State Council Conferences since 1905 until 1973.

Two Kedah Sultans were officially installed at the Balai Besar: HRH Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II, the 22nd Sultan of Kedah (1804-1845) in 1805 and HRH Tuanku Sultan Haji Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah on 20th February, 1959.

Design of the building
The design of the Balai Besar is of the characteristics of a Malay house with lengthy roof. On the left and right sections of the Balai Besar are the verandahs. The verandah at the right side of the throne was the area for the Ministers' children, warriors and official officers' children as well as the good citizens. The left verandah was the area for the religious men, merchants and the good citizens. The centre area of the balai (hall) was the place for "the children of the palace", those who held the royal regalia together with the ministers and main government officers in accordance to individual status right up to the ordinary people. The pillars and cross-beams were made of the highest quality of cengal wood from the state of Kedah. The roofs were made of rumbia (a type of palm-tree). Two large staircases were built in front of the Balai Besar, left and right ascending to the grand hall, rumah tangga, right verandah, left verandah as well as the pavilion, the throne and the Balai Siak located at the utmost back section of the bulding.

High Court (Mahkamah Tinggi)
This building is located at the junction of the Jalan Putera, adjacent to the Balai Nobat. Initially, this court building was the place for the existing Balai Seni which was earlier called the "High Court".

As engraved on a marble slab at one corner of the court, this building was built on Rabiulawal 1341 Hijrah equivalent to November 1922. Names of those who were responsible for the construction of the court were: HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah (Regent), W. Peel Esq (British Adviser), Major W.R. Sanguinetti, O.B.E.M.C (State Engineer), F.W. Wade Esq. A.I.R.B. (Architect) and H.W. Fofden Esq (Contractor).

Looking at the architectural design it clearly shows that this building has more characteristics of Roman architectural. This can be seen by the design of the columns that are close to one another without regard of spaces for whatever purposes. Various types of carvings are found on the walls. At the top area close to the roof was placed the crest of the State of Kedah.

Old Session Court Building (Bangunan Mahkamah Rendah Lama)
The Old Session Court building is located at Jalan Raja, Alor Star. The site of this old session court was originally the site of a small mosque (surau) owned by a religious man, Tuan Guru Haji Salleh, who originated from Penaga, Seberang Perai.

Tuan Guru Haji Salleh had once opened his religious settlement in that area. He had also served as adviser to the late HRH Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah (1854 -1879) and appointed a religious teacher in the palace. This small mosque became the place for trials on cases related to Islamic Religious Law such as those pertaining to marriages, divorces and others.

The Session Court was built on the site of this small mosque in 1931 when Kedah was under British patronage. The architectural design of this building is similar to the High Court building that has Roman architectural characteristics
 

The Pelamin Palace (Istana Pelamin)

The Pelamin Palace or The House of Pelamin was built in the year 1736 during the reign of HRH Sultan Muhammad Jiwa (1710-1778). This palace became the place of residence of HRH Sultan of Kedah and a number of royal ceremonies were held in this palace.

The Pelamin Palace had undergone several changes since its destruction by the Bugis in 1771 and abandoned during the Siam occupancy from 1821 until 1842.

The Pelamin Palace consists of 3 main sections and these are:

• The right section was known as the House of Pelamin.
• The central section was the residence for women and children. 
• The third/left section was once stayed by the HRH. Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah.

After several years, HRH. Sultan Abdul Hamid moved to the rear section of the Pelamin palace.

The main function of the Pelamin Palace is the residence of the royal family and relatives. In the year 1851, the Pelamin Palace was refurbished by the late HRH Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah.

In those days, the Pelamin Palace was the place for wedding feasts, wedding ceremonies and several other royal ceremonies. This palace was named the "Pelamin Palace" after the most joyous royal wedding ceremony was held there in 1904. It was the wedding of five princes and princesses of the late HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid. Today, the Pelamin Palace is turned into the Kedah Royal Museum that was opened to the public in 1983.
 

The Royal Museum (Muzium Di Raja)
This building which originated from the Kota Setar Palace is a wooden building that was built by HRH Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Muazzam Shah, the 19th Sultan of Kedah (1710-1778), who was the founder of Alor Star town in 1735. This building had undergone demolitions several times due to attacks by the Bugis (1770) and Siamese (1821).

The concrete building was completed during the reign of HRH Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah (1854-1879). His Royal Highness had once stayed in this palace with his queen, Wan Hajar Wan Ismail who was also known as "Mak Wan Besar". Therefore, this palace is also known as the "Mak Wan Besar Palace".

YTM Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra was also born adjacent to this palace (the Pagoda building, which no longer exist today) on 8 February, 1903 and once grew up in this palace while his father the late HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid and his mother Mak Che Manjalara resided there.

This palace is also renowned as the "Pelamin Palace" when the space of the palace was extended to as a pavilion and additional rooms when HRH Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah wanted to marry off his five princes and princesses. This grand wedding ceremony lasted for three months in 1904. After 1941, this palace was used as a school and an office for several organizations including the office for the St. John and the Scout movements. On 25 July 1983, this palace was declared the "Kedah Royal Museum".

Wan Muhammad Saman Building (Bangunan Wan Mahammad Saman)

This building is located at the Medan Bandar which is adjacent to the Royal Museum and the Balai Besar. The construction of this building started in 1941 during the British regime. Before the Second World War, this building was occupied by several important offices including the office of HRH Tuanku Sultan Kedah.

After the war, this building was once the Agriculture Office, headed by Tunku Yaakob, the Education Office, the Information Office as well as the Land Office.

This building was also the District Office of Kota Setar and currently occupied by the Kedah State Islamic Council Office. This building was named Wan Muhammad Saman Building in honour of the excellent contributions made by Dato' Wan Muhammad Saman towards the administration of this State. He was once appointed as the Prime Minister of Kedah State during the reign of HRH Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah (1854-1879) and during the reign of the HRH Sultan Hamid Halim Shah (1882-1943). If we look at the structure of this building, we recognise that it has the characteristics of the Colonial architecture.

Wisma Negeri

In the past, the building was the centre of administration for the state of Kedah Darul Aman. The official launching of the building was on 11 Syawal 1393 equivalent to 8 September 1973 by HRH Tuanku Haji Abdul Malik ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah, who was then the acting Sultan of Kedah. It is located adjacent to the Balai Besar building, at a field in the Alor Star town.

Initially, the building was the venue of important offices such as the office of HRH the Sultan, the Regent, the State Government Secretary and the office of State Treasury. Previously, these offices were located at the secretariat building, also known as 'opis dalam', that is a two-story building situated at the back section that was used since 1929. There is a Conference Hall in this building for members of the house of representatives of the State of Kedah. This was previously located at the Balai Besar since the foundation of the State Council in 1905.

On 15 April 1993, all important offices here including the State Legislative Council were moved to Wisma Darul Aman that is situated 1 kilometre from the town centre and at a junction between Jalan Tunku Bendahara, Jalan Sultanah and the Darul Aman Highway. While Wisma Negeri was the location of several other significant offices such as the Treasury and the Audit Office, the Land and Mines Office, and the Kota Setar District Office.

In terms of the building structure, the arch shape at each window makes it look marvelous. At the front of this building, can be seen the crest of the Kedah State which creates harmony. In addition, there is a fiber glass roof marking the main entrance to the building. Nevertheless, the Wisma Negeri building can be categoried as a building with elements of modern architecture.
 

Balai Seni
This building was the earliest modern government office that was built in the town of Alor Star. Its construction was spearheaded by Muhammad bin Lebai Tambi, an architect from the Kedah State Public Works Department. The construction of the building began on 21 January 1893, and he was also responsible for the restoration of the Balai Besar building.

This modern building with eastern and western architectural elements was initially the High Court and was officially opened by Sultan Abdul Hamid Shah. This building was closed to make way for the special entertainment hall for very important people during the wedding ceremony of His Royal Highness's five princes and princesses which lasted for three months (June until September 1904).

In 1912, a number of offices were located here such as the office of the His Royal Highness's Sultan, the treasury and audit office and the British Adviser. In 1914, most of these offices were relocated to the Wan Muhammad Saman building. The building was later occupied by the Public Works Department and the Department of Drainage and Irrigation. In conjunction with the celebration of the Silver Jubilee of the reign of HRH Tuanku Sultan Haji Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah (1958-1983), this building was converted to the Balai Seni Negeri (State Art Gallery) which was officiated by His Royal Highness on 25 July, 1983.

The Big Clock Tower (Menara Jam Besar)

This tower is located at Jalan Putera. It was built in 1912 and is now about 90 years old. At certain times, this clock will chime. In terms of its architecture, there are two elements that are being portrayed here, that are the Islamic and Hindu aspects.

The Islamic elements can be seen around the dome section with the crescent, a symbol that is usually seen on the roof of mosques. The carvings surrounding this tower are also Islamic design. However, if we observe the lower section of that tower, the carvings represent Hindu elements, especially at its entrance. Obviously, the design of this tower does not have foreign influence. It is a blend influence of the Islam religion and past Hinduism.

The construction of this Big Clock has connection with the Zahir Mosque in its role and function. It provides facility to the public especially to the muezzin who works in the Zahir Mosque to confirm the prayer times before the azan (the call to prayer) is made. In the past, this tower will chime at every prayer time, followed by the beating of the nobat at the Balai Nobat, and accordingly the call to prayer is made from the Zahir Mosque.

HISTORICAL PLACES IN MELAKA

A BRIEF HISTORY ABOUT MELAKA

Malacca was founded by a fleeing prince from Sumatra in 14th century it developed into a major trading port for ships from India and China. As the Melaka Sultanate flourished, the Portuguese conquered Malacca in 1511. Later the Dutch took over in 1641 until much later the British Empire ruled Malacca. The state finally obtained independence with the then "Malaya states" in 1957. Today, one will find many remnants of the glorious past dated back more than 500 years ago.

1.    Melaka Sultanate palace.

 It was reconstructed at the foot of St. Paul's Hill. The design is based on the description of the palace from the sixteenth-century 'Malay Annals,' or 'Sejarah Melayu.' It is the only building of its kind in Malaysia, and it provides a rare glimpse of the ancient Malay kingdom that once flourished here. The palace houses the Malacca Cultural Museum, which includes many artifacts of that kingdom.

2.    The St. Paul's Church:

It is at the top of St. Paul's Hill was once the prayer house of the Portuguese Catholics. It was later turned into burial ground for their noble dead by the Dutch having Latin and Portuguese inscriptions on the tombstones. St. Francis Xavier was also buried here in 1553 before his body was moved to Goa in India.

3.    The A'Famosa Fortress:

It was built by the Portuguese to defend them-selves and called A’ Famosa.  It suffered severe destruction during the Dutch invasion and what are left today are just the entrance walls. still well preserved till today

4.    The Stadthuys:

It was the official residence of the Dutch Governor in 1650. Now it houses the Historic Museum and Ethnography Museum which have numerous traditional bridal costumes and relics on display for visitors to admire. There's also the Christ Church built in 1753 nearby, another fine example of the Dutch architecture.

5.    Bukit China or The Chinese Hill

It is believed to be the largest Chinese cemetery outside China with tombs dating back to the Ming Dynasty. During the peak of the Malacca Sultanate, the Sultan was gifted the Princess Hang Li Poh by the China Emperor. Her entourage settled in Bukit China (Chinese Hill). Today, Bukit China is believed to be the largest Chinese cemetery outside China, with many tombs dating back to the Ming Dynasty. Hang Li Poh's followers built a well in 1459 that is said to have never dried up. Today, the well is turned into a wishing well and many believe those who toss coins into the well will return again to Malacca

6.    Kampung Keling Mosque

It is one of the oldest in the country since 17^th century. It's a merge of Sumatran and Western architecture with a three tier pyramid roof which is a touch of Hindu influence perhaps and elegant Corinthian-styled columns support the carved wooden ceiling.

7.   Cheng Hoon Teng Temple

It is believed to be the oldest Chinese temple in the country and was constructed in the year 1645.The eaves of the temple are decorated with Mythological figures and animation made from broken glass and porcelain. Besides the figures, the wood carvings and lacquer work are almost breath-taking

OTHER HISTORICAL AND INTERESTING SITES

8.    Baba and Nyonya Heritage Museum.

'Straits Chinese' or the Baba and Nyonya , are Chinese of noble descendants that have adopted much of the Malay culture into theirs. The public can now review the heirloom unique to this heritage at private museum run by the Babas and Nyonyas of Malacca. Floral and pictorial motifs grace parts of the front of the house whilst the interior is adorned with intricately carved fittings finished in gold leaf.

9.    Hang Jebat and Hang Kasturi's mausoleum.

Two of the Malacca Sultanate's well-known warriors and champion of justice. Hang Jebat was unceremoniously killed by Hang Tuah in a duel of honour that lasted 3 days and 3 nights. He was killed in the name of justice to avenge the sultan's hasty punishment against Hang Tuah for a crime he didn't commit.

10.  Hang Tuah's Well

It is located in Kampung Duyong where Hang Tuah was born and spent his childhood among four of his good friends who would later become the famous warriors of Malacca Sultanate. The well is said to be the abode of his soul which takes the apparition of a white crocodile. For a commoner to catch the glimpse of Hang Tuah is hardly likely. It is said that the holy among us can ever hope to see the apparition.

11.  Jonker's Street,

once the richman's street is now a living proof of Malacca's rich baba-nyonya heritage. The buildings are immaculately constructed with elaborate carvings on its pillars and walls. The street is also famous for its antique shops.

12.  Maritime Museum

It  is constructed after 'Flora De La Mar', the Portuguese ship that sank off the Coast of Malacca on its way to Portugal. With its hull laden with invaluable treasures seized from Malacca, the ship was doomed from existence had it not for the efforts to Malacca's heritage. At the museum, visitor can get a closer look at Malacca from the famed Malay Sultanate of the 14th century to the Portuguese era, the Dutch era and the British era. There are exhibits of foreign ships that had once called at the port of Malacca during the height of its maritime hegemony.

13.  Memorial hall (1912),

The landmark where the nation's first prime minister announce proclamation of independence from the British empire. It has been preserved with archive pictures of the country's struggle to attain independence.

14, Portuguese Square

Has a mild affinity to Portugal and known to be 'Mini Lisbon' in Malacca. Located within the Portuguese Settlement, the square is the culmination of Portuguese culture in its full splendour and colours. One will also find authentic Portuguese restaurants at the square.

15.  Sam Po Kong Temple.It was constructed in dedication to Admiral Cheng Ho. The temple was named after a fish that miraculously saved the admiral's ship from sinking after it had been hit by a storm enroute to Malacca from China. The fish mysteriously placed itself against a damaged hull preventing the ship from taking on water.

16.  Sri Poyyatha Vinayagar Moorthi Temple

It is one of the first Hindu temple built in the country at the turn of the century. It was built on the plot given by the Dutch.

17.  St. Francis Xavier's Church.

It was built in 1849 by a Frenchman, Reverend Farve. The Gothic towered church is dedicated to St. Francis Xavier, well-remembered for his missionary work spreading Catholicism to South East Asia in the 16th century.

18.  St. John's Fort.

It was rebuilt by the Dutch during the third quarter of the 18 th century, the fort was once a private Portuguese chapel dedicated to St. John the Baptist. The fort has an interesting feature in that its gun embrasures face inland as during that time, attacks on Malacca came mainly from the land instead of from the sea.

19.  St. Peter's Church.

It was built in 1710 by the Portuguese descendants and comprising an architectural mix of the Oriental and Occidental